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hold back

Phrasal VerbBriathra Frásacha
1. prevent sb/sth from advancing
2. prevent sb from making progress
3. impede, act as obstacle to
4. hesitate to do, refrain from doing
5. manage not to show (feeling)
6. keep back
 Phrasal VerbBriathra Frásacha 1 (v + adv) prevent sb/sth from advancing transitiveaistreachcoinnigh siar cmucoimeád siar PhrV cmucúl a chur ar cmu they held back the crowd choinnigh siad an slua siar, chuir siad cúl ar an slua it held back the water choimeád sé an t-uisce siar 2 (v + adv) prevent sb from making progress transitiveaistreachcoinnigh siar cmucoimeád siar PhrV cmustop a chur le cmubac a chur ar cmu her sore ankle held her back choimeád a rúitín tinn siar í, chuir an phian ina rúitín moill uirthi my age has never held me back níor chuir m'aois stop liom fós, ní raibh an aois ina bac orm riamh lack of facilities is holding them back tá easpa áiseanna á gcoinneáil siar 3 (v + adv) impede, act as obstacle to transitiveaistreachcoimeád siar PhrV cmucoinnigh ar gcúlbac a chur ar cmu high costs are holding back investment níl daoine ag infheistiú de bharr costais arda, tá costais arda ina mbac ar infheistiú the weather held back the search chuir an aimsir moill ar an gcuardach 4 (v + adv) hesitate to do, refrain from doing intransitiveneamhaistreach she held back from telling him níor bhac sí é a rá leis, shocraigh sí gan é a rá leis I held back from trusting him níor lig mé dom féin é a thrust, ní raibh mé ábalta muinín a chur ann he's holding back from selling níl sé sásta díol 5 (v + adv) manage not to show (feeling) transitiveaistreachsmacht a choinneáil ar VP cmucoinnigh siar PhrV cmuceil verb cmuguaim a choinneáil ar VP cmuguaim a choimeád ar VP he held back the anger choinnigh sé greim ar a chuid feirge she held back her impatience choinnigh sí smacht ar a cuid mífhoighne, chuir sí a cuid mífhoighne faoi chois we managed to hold back the laughter d'éirigh linn srian a chur ar an ngáire, choinníomar istigh an gáire he held back the tears choinnigh sé siar na deora, choimeád sé na deora faoi cheilt intransitiveneamhaistreach she sensed he was holding back so that no one would see his pain bhraith sí go raibh sé ag coimeád srian ar a chuid mothúchán le nach bhfeicfeadh duine a bith an phian a bhí air 6 (v + adv) keep back transitiveaistreachcoinnigh siar cmucoimeád siar PhrV cmu he's holding copies back tá cóipeanna á gcoimeád siar aige they held back the best players níor chuir siad na himreoirí ab fhearr chun páirce→ hold
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